#	Leader	Score	Harm	Exposure
1	Abdel Fattah al-Burhan Sudan · Head of State	0.454	0.596	0.842
2	Salva Kiir Mayardit South Sudan · Head of State	0.424	0.554	0.773
3	Vladimir Putin Russia · Head of State	0.418	0.477	0.890
4	Félix Tshisekedi Democratic Republic of the Congo · Head of State	0.341	0.426	0.879
5	Emmerson Mnangagwa Zimbabwe · Head of State	0.334	0.453	0.789
6	Faustin-Archange Touadéra Central African Republic · Head of State	0.323	0.458	0.736
7	Abiy Ahmed Ethiopia · Head of Government	0.304	0.368	0.887
8	Évariste Ndayishimiye Burundi · Head of State	0.300	0.442	0.781
9	Paul Biya Cameroon · Head of State	0.276	0.338	0.816
10	Hassan Sheikh Mohamud Somalia · Head of State	0.275	0.444	0.796
11	Assimi Goïta Mali · Head of State	0.266	0.396	0.808
12	Ibrahim Traoré Burkina Faso · Head of State	0.264	0.436	0.805
13	Kim Jong-un North Korea · Head of State	0.263	0.329	0.810
14	Volodymyr Zelenskyy Ukraine · Head of State	0.260	0.348	0.828
15	Xi Jinping China · Head of State	0.258	0.263	0.998
16	Abdel Fattah el-Sisi Egypt · Head of State	0.249	0.289	0.881
17	Ilham Aliyev Azerbaijan · Head of State	0.247	0.323	0.765
18	Isaias Afwerki Eritrea · Head of State	0.246	0.344	0.715
19	Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Turkey · Head of State	0.245	0.291	0.866
20	João Lourenço Angola · Head of State	0.239	0.308	0.828
21	Hibatullah Akhundzada Afghanistan · Head of State	0.238	0.349	0.834
22	Rashad al-Alimi Yemen · Head of State	0.236	0.362	0.831
23	Emomali Rahmon Tajikistan · Head of State	0.233	0.304	0.767
24	Teodoro Obiang Equatorial Guinea · Head of State	0.232	0.339	0.686
25	Mswati III Eswatini · Head of State	0.224	0.337	0.665
26	Benjamin Netanyahu Israel · Head of Government	0.224	0.398	0.764
27	Mahamat Déby Chad · Head of State	0.222	0.333	0.799
28	Bola Tinubu Nigeria · Head of State	0.221	0.343	0.914
29	Min Aung Hlaing Myanmar · Head of State	0.217	0.435	0.844
30	Alexander Lukashenka Belarus · Head of State	0.215	0.283	0.759
31	Samia Suluhu Hassan Tanzania · Head of State	0.214	0.298	0.856
32	Abdourahamane Tiani Niger · Head of State	0.214	0.382	0.812
33	Paul Kagame Rwanda · Head of State	0.213	0.273	0.782
34	Shavkat Mirziyoyev Uzbekistan · Head of State	0.205	0.261	0.826
35	Miguel Díaz-Canel Cuba · Head of State	0.204	0.286	0.768
36	Ismail Omar Guelleh Djibouti · Head of State	0.195	0.294	0.663
37	Alix Didier Fils-Aimé Haiti · Head of Government	0.190	0.443	0.772
38	Hakainde Hichilema Zambia · Head of State	0.188	0.287	0.801
39	Serdar Berdimuhamedow Turkmenistan · Head of State	0.187	0.316	0.751
40	Thongloun Sisoulith Laos · Head of State	0.187	0.296	0.752
41	Mahmoud Abbas Palestine · Head of State	0.186	0.255	0.735
42	Alassane Ouattara Ivory Coast · Head of State	0.184	0.227	0.820
43	Julius Maada Bio Sierra Leone · Head of State	0.184	0.261	0.758
44	Shehbaz Sharif Pakistan · Head of Government	0.183	0.315	0.917
45	Narendra Modi India · Head of Government	0.183	0.187	1.000
46	Mohammed VI of Morocco Morocco · Head of State	0.181	0.219	0.828
47	Mohamed al-Menfi Libya · Head of State	0.181	0.288	0.750
48	Abdelmadjid Tebboune Algeria · Head of State	0.180	0.242	0.837
49	Mamadi Doumbouya Guinea · Head of State	0.173	0.272	0.783
50	William Ruto Kenya · Head of State	0.171	0.268	0.847
51	Kassym-Jomart Tokayev Kazakhstan · Head of State	0.170	0.235	0.799
52	Anatole Collinet Makosso Republic of the Congo · Head of Government	0.170	0.275	0.743
53	Hamad II of Bahrain Bahrain · Head of State	0.166	0.246	0.677
54	Mohamed Ould Ghazouani Mauritania · Head of State	0.166	0.252	0.734
55	Daniel Chapo Mozambique · Head of State	0.164	0.372	0.824
56	Hun Manet Cambodia · Head of Government	0.163	0.302	0.791
57	Abdullah II of Jordan Jordan · Head of State	0.156	0.202	0.770
58	Nayib Bukele El Salvador · Head of State	0.156	0.233	0.742
59	Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud Saudi Arabia · Head of Government	0.155	0.250	0.826
60	Cyril Ramaphosa South Africa · Head of Government	0.152	0.192	0.852
61	Azali Assoumani Comoros · Head of State	0.149	0.254	0.649
62	Adama Barrow The Gambia · Head of State	0.148	0.221	0.704
63	Javier Milei Argentina · Head of State	0.148	0.269	0.836
64	Kais Saied Tunisia · Head of State	0.146	0.211	0.774
65	Haitham bin Tarik Al Said Oman · Head of State	0.142	0.219	0.735
66	Bongbong Marcos Philippines · Head of State	0.141	0.209	0.880
67	Delcy Rodriguez Venezuela · Head of State	0.139	0.439	0.813
68	James Marape Papua New Guinea · Head of Government	0.138	0.199	0.767
69	Hassanal Bolkiah I of Brunei Brunei · Head of State	0.124	0.200	0.618
70	Daniel Noboa Ecuador · Head of State	0.124	0.237	0.792
71	Andrew Holness Jamaica · Head of Government	0.124	0.183	0.704
72	Bernardo Arévalo de León Guatemala · Head of State	0.123	0.239	0.793
73	Daniel Ortega Nicaragua · Head of State	0.122	0.313	0.747
74	Mohammed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan United Arab Emirates · Head of State	0.120	0.200	0.770
75	Claudia Sheinbaum Mexico · Head of State	0.116	0.229	0.886
76	Nawaf Salam Lebanon · Head of Government	0.115	0.296	0.738
77	Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé Togo · Head of Government	0.114	0.305	0.757
78	Ram Chandra Poudel Nepal · Head of State	0.114	0.194	0.815
79	Mojtaba Khamenei Iran · Head of State	0.113	0.362	0.869
80	Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Brazil · Head of State	0.113	0.169	0.909
81	Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema Gabon · Head of State	0.112	0.235	0.700
82	Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani Qatar · Head of Government	0.112	0.219	0.706
83	Sam Matekane Lesotho · Head of Government	0.111	0.213	0.695
84	Edi Rama Albania · Head of Government	0.111	0.162	0.695
85	Michael Randrianirina Madagascar · Head of State	0.109	0.311	0.820
86	Joseph Boakai Liberia · Head of State	0.109	0.228	0.737
87	Hugo Chávez Guyana · Head of Government	0.106	0.189	0.646
88	Santiago Peña Palacios Paraguay · Head of State	0.104	0.202	0.747
89	Peter Mutharika Malawi · Head of State	0.102	0.296	0.802
90	Luis Abinader Dominican Republic · Head of State	0.102	0.153	0.770
91	Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Kuwait · Head of State	0.101	0.212	0.730
92	Albin Kurti Kosovo · Head of Government	0.100	0.176	0.676
93	Adylbek Kasymaliev Kyrgyzstan · Head of Government	0.100	0.245	0.749
94	Borjana Krišto Bosnia and Herzegovina · Head of Government	0.099	0.190	0.709
95	Prabowo Subianto Indonesia · Head of State	0.098	0.189	0.923
96	Johnny Briceño Belize · Head of Government	0.096	0.184	0.614
97	Anwar Ibrahim Malaysia · Head of Government	0.095	0.155	0.824
98	Ahmed al-Sharaa Syria · Head of State	0.093	0.217	0.808
99	Nikol Pashinyan Armenia · Head of Government	0.091	0.156	0.708
100	Ralph Gonsalves Saint Vincent and the Grenadines · Head of Government	0.091	0.166	0.545
101	Yoweri Museveni Uganda · Head of State	0.090	0.328	0.841
102	John Mahama Ghana · Head of State	0.089	0.201	0.823
103	Horta Inta-A Na Man Guinea-Bissau · Head of State	0.086	0.306	0.693
104	Lai Ching-te Taiwan · Head of State	0.086	0.174	0.804
105	Bassirou Diomaye Faye Senegal · Head of State	0.085	0.172	0.794
106	Bob Loughman Vanuatu · Head of Government	0.082	0.156	0.603
107	Carlos Vila Nova São Tomé and Príncipe · Head of State	0.082	0.171	0.587
108	Gilmar Pisas Curaçao · Head of Government	0.082	0.174	0.567
109	Mohamed Muizzu Maldives · Head of State	0.081	0.197	0.625
110	Nasry Asfura Honduras · Head of State	0.081	0.278	0.768
111	Anutin Charnvirakul Thailand · Head of Government	0.080	0.212	0.857
112	Tarique Rahman Bangladesh · Head of Government	0.080	0.241	0.900
113	Anura Kurankan Dissanayake Sri Lanka · Head of State	0.080	0.174	0.801
114	Roosevelt Skerrit Dominica · Head of Government	0.079	0.151	0.526
115	Andrej Plenković Croatia · Head of Government	0.079	0.115	0.719
116	José Ramos-Horta Timor-Leste · Head of State	0.078	0.149	0.671
117	Đuro Macut Serbia · Head of Government	0.075	0.203	0.744
118	Ali Falih Al-Zaidi Iraq · Head of Government	0.075	0.268	0.837
119	Pravind Jugnauth Mauritius · Head of Government	0.075	0.119	0.665
120	Mikheil Kavelashvili Georgia · Head of State	0.075	0.193	0.720
121	Terrance Drew Saint Kitts and Nevis · Head of Government	0.075	0.192	0.510
122	Rodrigo Paz Bolivia · Head of Government	0.074	0.230	0.775
123	Tô Lâm Vietnam · Head of State	0.073	0.244	0.874
124	Philip J. Pierre Saint Lucia · Head of Government	0.072	0.153	0.573
125	José Raúl Mulino Panama · Head of State	0.070	0.162	0.727
126	Sitiveni Rabuka Fiji · Head of Government	0.069	0.144	0.651
127	Philip "Brave" Davis The Bahamas · Head of Government	0.068	0.137	0.612
128	Gaston Browne Antigua and Barbuda · Head of Government	0.068	0.129	0.543
129	Mark Brown Cook Islands · Head of Government	0.068	0.174	0.456
130	Hristijan Mickoski North Macedonia · Head of Government	0.067	0.163	0.683
131	Kamla Persad-Bissessar Trinidad and Tobago · Head of Government	0.062	0.186	0.669
132	Romuald Wadagni Benin · Head of State	0.061	0.243	0.782
133	Milojko Spajić Montenegro · Head of Government	0.059	0.139	0.632
134	Lawrence Wong Singapore · Head of Government	0.058	0.129	0.740
135	Dickon Mitchell Grenada · Head of Government	0.058	0.136	0.553
136	Kyriakos Mitsotakis Greece · Head of Government	0.056	0.105	0.766
137	Duma Boko Botswana · Head of Government	0.055	0.142	0.699
138	Robert Abela Malta · Head of Government	0.055	0.099	0.629
139	Donald Trump United States · Head of State	0.055	0.110	0.931
140	Robert Fico Slovakia · Head of Government	0.054	0.111	0.735
141	Luc Mercelina Sint Maarten · Head of Government	0.054	0.174	0.507
142	Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah Namibia · Head of State	0.054	0.150	0.708
143	Giorgia Meloni Italy · Head of Government	0.054	0.085	0.848
144	Nicușor Dan Romania · Head of State	0.054	0.139	0.794
145	Dalton Tagelagi Niue · Head of Government	0.053	0.174	0.352
146	Abelardo de la Espriella Colombia · Head of State	0.052	0.221	0.843
147	Emmanuel Macron France · Head of State	0.052	0.065	0.855
148	Taneti Maamau Kiribati · Head of State	0.052	0.096	0.560
149	Jennifer Geerlings-Simons Suriname · Head of State	0.050	0.170	0.633
150	Tshering Tobgay Bhutan · Head of Government	0.049	0.117	0.644
151	Keiko Fujimori Peru · Head of State	0.047	0.198	0.823
152	Nicos Christodoulides Cyprus · Head of State	0.046	0.096	0.670
153	Gitanas Nausėda Lithuania · Head of State	0.045	0.071	0.705
154	Pedro Sánchez Spain · Head of Government	0.045	0.081	0.839
155	Xavier Espot Zamora Andorra · Head of Government	0.044	0.092	0.537
156	Mia Mottley Barbados · Head of Government	0.043	0.078	0.595
157	Uchral Nyam-Osor Mongolia · Head of Government	0.042	0.169	0.715
158	Péter Magyar Hungary · Head of Government	0.041	0.165	0.761
159	Surangel Whipps Jr. Palau · Head of State	0.040	0.103	0.463
160	Rumen Radev Bulgaria · Head of Government	0.038	0.154	0.743
161	Wesley Simina Micronesia · Head of State	0.037	0.095	0.552
162	David Adeang Nauru · Head of State	0.037	0.123	0.445
163	Lee Jae Myung South Korea · Head of State	0.036	0.088	0.842
164	Karol Nawrocki Poland · Head of State	0.035	0.094	0.825
165	Alexander Van der Bellen Austria · Head of State	0.034	0.048	0.760
166	Hilda Heine Marshall Islands · Head of State	0.033	0.103	0.497
167	Luís Montenegro Portugal · Head of Government	0.033	0.068	0.767
168	Vasile Tofan Moldova · Head of Government	0.032	0.157	0.695
169	Matthew Wale Solomon Islands · Head of Government	0.028	0.132	0.646
170	Leo XIV Vatican City · Head of State	0.028	0.174	0.321
171	Fatafehi Fakafānua, 8th Lord Fakafānua Tonga · Head of Government	0.027	0.125	0.547
172	Laʻauli Leuatea Schmidt Samoa · Head of Government	0.026	0.100	0.583
173	Laura Fernández Delgado Costa Rica · Head of State	0.025	0.103	0.732
174	Yamandú Orsi Uruguay · Head of State	0.024	0.065	0.712
175	Patrick Herminie Seychelles · Head of State	0.024	0.102	0.555
176	Sanae Takaichi Japan · Head of Government	0.024	0.063	0.883
177	José Antonio Kast Chile · Head of State	0.023	0.081	0.796
178	Anthony Albanese Australia · Head of Government	0.023	0.036	0.812
179	Andrej Babiš Czech Republic · Head of Government	0.023	0.073	0.768
180	Mike Eman Aruba · Head of Government	0.022	0.079	0.550
181	Ben Do Tuvalu · Head of Government	0.021	0.077	0.434
182	Christophe Mirmand Monaco · Head of Government	0.019	0.083	0.500
183	Francisco Carvalho Cape Verde · Head of Government	0.019	0.098	0.624
184	Bart De Wever Belgium · Head of Government	0.019	0.046	0.772
185	Kristen Michal Estonia · Head of Government	0.018	0.045	0.669
186	Janez Janša Slovenia · Head of Government	0.018	0.082	0.690
187	Andris Kulbergs Latvia · Head of Government	0.017	0.080	0.684
188	Mark Carney Canada · Head of Government	0.016	0.037	0.831
189	Friedrich Merz Germany · Head of Government	0.014	0.032	0.864
190	Jens-Frederik Nielsen Greenland · Head of Government	0.013	0.050	0.519
191	Kristrún Mjöll Frostadóttir Iceland · Head of Government	0.013	0.039	0.610
192	Andy Burnham United Kingdom · Head of Government	0.013	0.051	0.856
193	Brigitte Haas Liechtenstein · Head of Government	0.012	0.049	0.503
194	Christopher Luxon New Zealand · Head of Government	0.012	0.025	0.734
195	Micheál Martin Ireland · Head of Government	0.012	0.031	0.735
196	Ulf Kristersson Sweden · Head of Government	0.012	0.021	0.766
197	Luc Frieden Luxembourg · Head of Government	0.010	0.023	0.637
198	Martin Pfister Switzerland · Head of State	0.009	0.024	0.759
199	William Casali San Marino · Head of State	0.008	0.065	0.495
200	Rob Jetten Netherlands · Head of Government	0.007	0.024	0.792
201	Petteri Orpo Finland · Head of Government	0.006	0.012	0.737
202	Jonas Gahr Støre Norway · Head of Government	0.005	0.009	0.736
203	Mette Frederiksen Denmark · Head of Government	0.002	0.004	0.740
No leader or country matches.

Who are they?

Score distribution

Score of each leader in scope, ranked.

Gender

Share of women among leaders in scope.

Age

Leaders with a known birth year, by age band.

Religion

Faith as recorded on Wikidata (often not stated).

Score map

All countries · brighter red = worse

Methodology

One leader per country: whoever holds executive power (head of state in presidential systems and autocracies, head of government in parliamentary systems and constitutional monarchies). The other office holder is shown in the details.

Sources

Leaders & tenure: Wikidata heads of state/government — Current office holders, start dates, form of government, photos. · 203 countries · fetched 2026-10-02
Population: World Bank SP.POP.TOTL — Population, total · latest 2025 · fetched 2026-10-02
Homicide rate: World Bank VC.IHR.PSRC.P5 — Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people) · latest 2023 · fetched 2026-10-02
Voice & accountability: World Bank GOV_WGI_VA.EST — Voice and Accountability - Governance estimate (approx. -2.5 to +2.5) · latest 2025 · fetched 2026-10-02
Control of corruption: World Bank GOV_WGI_CC.EST — Control of Corruption - Governance estimate (approx. -2.5 to +2.5) · latest 2025 · fetched 2026-10-02
GDP growth: World Bank NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG — GDP growth (annual %) · latest 2025 · fetched 2026-10-02
Extreme poverty: World Bank SI.POV.DDAY — Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) · latest 2023 · fetched 2026-10-02
Inflation: World Bank FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG — Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) · latest 2025 · fetched 2026-10-02
Conflict deaths (actors): UCDP GED 26.1 — Events where a government's forces are a party; one-sided killings by the state. · 2023–2025 avg · fetched 2026-10-02
Conflict deaths (place): UCDP Organized Violence CY 26.1 — State-based battle deaths located in the country. · 2023–2025 avg · fetched 2026-10-02

Scoring (higher = worse)

exposure         = log1p(population) / max(log1p(population))
violence_score   = 0.7 * lognorm(actor_conflict_deaths_per_100k)
                 + 0.1 * lognorm(place_conflict_deaths_per_100k)
                 + 0.2 * norm(homicide_rate)
repression_score = 1 - norm(voice_and_accountability)
corruption_score = 1 - norm(control_of_corruption)
econ_score       = 0.6 * clip((inflation - 5) / 100, 0, 1)
                 + 0.4 * clip(-gdp_growth / 20, 0, 1)
poverty_score    = norm(poverty_rate)

harm_score = 0.35*violence + 0.25*repression + 0.20*econ
           + 0.10*corruption + 0.10*poverty

tenure_weight = 0.25 + 0.75 * (1 - exp(-ln(2) * years_in_office / 2.5))
score         = harm_score * exposure * tenure_weight

norm = min–max across countries in this run; lognorm applies log1p first so a single extreme war does not flatten every other conflict. Conflict deaths are yearly averages over the last 3 years of UCDP data. Actor deaths count events a government's forces are party to, plus one-sided killings of civilians by the state; a government defending its own territory against another state is not charged with those deaths. Missing homicide, poverty and governance values are filled with the median and flagged in the details. Rank changes compare against the previous month's run of the same model version. Download the full data (CSV).

Run 20261002-184441 · model v2

Ranking